Graphene is the advanced material of choice for a wealth of applications, but it has customarily been used as a solid.  Yet, fluids are key materials for a variety of industrial applications, from thermal to electrochemical devices.

Graphene Nanofluids, formed by graphene nanosheets dispersed in suitable base fluids can be prepared as stable dispersions in organic or aqueous solvents [1-4] either as pure graphene [4] or RGO [1] or as hybrid derivatives, [2,3] and they show most interesting thermal and electrochemical properties.

Thus, for the field of thermal energy conversion and storage, we have developed stable graphene nanofluids of different concentrations in suitable organic solvents as base fluids (dimethylacetamide /dimethylformamide) and have shown their enhanced thermal conductivity (Figure 1) using a modified 3-ω technique adapted to liquid samples[4].

And related to electrochemical energy storage, we have developed electroactive nanofluids based on Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) dispersed in acidic aqueous electrolytes showing ultrafast charge transfer (Figure 2) [1-3]

We will present and discuss both experimental research lines with examples such as the 48% increase in thermal conductivity of our 0.18% graphene in DMAc nanofluid (Figure 1) or the capacitive response of an aqueous RGO nanofluid at the very fast scan rate of 10000 mV/s (Figure 2).

References

[1] D. P. Dubal and P. Gomez-Romero, 2D Mater., 2016 , vol. 3(3), p. 31004.

[2] D. P. Dubal, D. Rueda-Garcia, C. Marchante, R. Benages and P. Gomez-Romero. Chem. Rec. 2018, 18, 1076 –1084

[3] D. Rueda-Garcia, Z. Caban-Huertas, S. Sanchez-Ribot, C. Marchante, R. Benages, D. P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, P. Gómez-Romero* Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 281, 594-600.

[4] M. R. Rodríguez-Laguna, A. Castro-Alvarez, M. Sledzinska, J. Maire, F. Costanzo, B. Ensing, P. Ordejón, C. M. Sotomayor-Torres, P. Gómez-Romero and E. Chávez-Ángel. Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 15402-15409 

Graphene and other New Nanocarbons for Energy Storage.（石墨烯在新能源产业的应用）

Among nanocarbons, Graphene has been the most successful in terms of research as potential active material in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, both on its own as well as forming hybrid nanocomposite electrodes.
In our laboratory we have researched hybrid graphene materials and devices in order to improve power density of batteries and energy density of supercapacitors [1] 
We have explored various approaches for the integration of electroactive species in graphene and r-GO electrode materials for supercapacitors, both in the electrodes [2] and the electrolyte [3]. 
In addition to composition and microstructure, we will present also recent efforts to advance in the design of low-cost devices of the class needed for the upcoming low-power energy storage revolution [4] concerning flexible/wearable devices and some of our designs on paper [5].
Finally, we will also present some recent results concerning other novel nanocarbon materials also used as electrodes for energy storage devices, both on their own [6] or in combination with Graphenes[7] (Figure1).


References
[1] D.P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, V. Ruiz, P. Gomez-Romero* Chemical Society Reviews, 44 (2015) 1777.
[2] Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Different Polyoxometalates as Positive and Negative Electrodes 
D P. Dubal,* N R. Chodankar, A. Vinu, D-H Kim and P. Gomez-Romero*
Chem Sus Chem 2017, 10(13), 2742-2750.
[3] Ultrahigh energy density supercapacitors through a double hybrid strategy.
Deepak P. Dubal, Bhawna Nagar, Jullieth Suarez-Guevara, Dino Tonti, Eduardo Enciso, Pablo Palomino, Pedro Gomez-Romero. Materials Today Energy, 2017, 5, 58-65
[4] Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics
D. P. Dubal,* N.R. Chodankar, D-H. Kim and P. Gomez-Romero*
Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47(6), 2065-2129
[5] Low-Cost Hybrid Micro-supercapacitors based on Printed Graphene on Paper and Redox Iodide
Bhawna Nagar, Deepak P. Dubal, Luis Pires, Arben Merkoçi and Pedro Gómez- Romero*
ChemSusChem 2018. 11(11):1849-1856.
[6] Ultrathin Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage. Jayaramulu, K., Dubal, D.P., Nagar, B., Ranc, V., Tomanec, O., Petr, M., Datta, K.K.R., Zboril, R., Gómez-Romero,* P., Fischer, R.A.* Adv Mater 2018, 30(15),1705789
[7] All Nanocarbon Li-Ion Capacitor with High Energy and High Power Densities.
Deepak P. Dubal,* Pedro Gomez-Romero** Materials Today Energy 2018, 8, 109-117

Graphene is the advanced material of choice for a wealth of applications, but it has customarily been used as a solid.  Yet, fluids are key materials for a variety of industrial applications, from thermal to electrochemical devices.

Graphene Nanofluids, formed by graphene nanosheets dispersed in suitable base fluids can be prepared as stable dispersions in organic or aqueous solvents [1-4] either as pure graphene [4] or RGO [1] or as hybrid derivatives, [2,3] and they show most interesting thermal and electrochemical properties.

Thus, for the field of thermal energy conversion and storage, we have developed stable graphene nanofluids of different concentrations in suitable organic solvents as base fluids (dimethylacetamide /dimethylformamide) and have shown their enhanced thermal conductivity (Figure 1) using a modified 3-ω technique adapted to liquid samples[4].

And related to electrochemical energy storage, we have developed electroactive nanofluids based on Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) dispersed in acidic aqueous electrolytes showing ultrafast charge transfer (Figure 2) [1-3]

We will present and discuss both experimental research lines with examples such as the 48% increase in thermal conductivity of our 0.18% graphene in DMAc nanofluid (Figure 1) or the capacitive response of an aqueous RGO nanofluid at the very fast scan rate of 10000 mV/s (Figure 2).

References

[1] D. P. Dubal and P. Gomez-Romero, 2D Mater., 2016 , vol. 3(3), p. 31004.

[2] D. P. Dubal, D. Rueda-Garcia, C. Marchante, R. Benages and P. Gomez-Romero. Chem. Rec. 2018, 18, 1076 –1084

[3] D. Rueda-Garcia, Z. Caban-Huertas, S. Sanchez-Ribot, C. Marchante, R. Benages, D. P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, P. Gómez-Romero* Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 281, 594-600.

[4] M. R. Rodríguez-Laguna, A. Castro-Alvarez, M. Sledzinska, J. Maire, F. Costanzo, B. Ensing, P. Ordejón, C. M. Sotomayor-Torres, P. Gómez-Romero and E. Chávez-Ángel. Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 15402-15409 

Graphene and other New Nanocarbons for Energy Storage.（石墨烯在新能源产业的应用）

Among nanocarbons, Graphene has been the most successful in terms of research as potential active material in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, both on its own as well as forming hybrid nanocomposite electrodes.
In our laboratory we have researched hybrid graphene materials and devices in order to improve power density of batteries and energy density of supercapacitors [1] 
We have explored various approaches for the integration of electroactive species in graphene and r-GO electrode materials for supercapacitors, both in the electrodes [2] and the electrolyte [3]. 
In addition to composition and microstructure, we will present also recent efforts to advance in the design of low-cost devices of the class needed for the upcoming low-power energy storage revolution [4] concerning flexible/wearable devices and some of our designs on paper [5].
Finally, we will also present some recent results concerning other novel nanocarbon materials also used as electrodes for energy storage devices, both on their own [6] or in combination with Graphenes[7] (Figure1).


References
[1] D.P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, V. Ruiz, P. Gomez-Romero* Chemical Society Reviews, 44 (2015) 1777.
[2] Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Different Polyoxometalates as Positive and Negative Electrodes 
D P. Dubal,* N R. Chodankar, A. Vinu, D-H Kim and P. Gomez-Romero*
Chem Sus Chem 2017, 10(13), 2742-2750.
[3] Ultrahigh energy density supercapacitors through a double hybrid strategy.
Deepak P. Dubal, Bhawna Nagar, Jullieth Suarez-Guevara, Dino Tonti, Eduardo Enciso, Pablo Palomino, Pedro Gomez-Romero. Materials Today Energy, 2017, 5, 58-65
[4] Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics
D. P. Dubal,* N.R. Chodankar, D-H. Kim and P. Gomez-Romero*
Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47(6), 2065-2129
[5] Low-Cost Hybrid Micro-supercapacitors based on Printed Graphene on Paper and Redox Iodide
Bhawna Nagar, Deepak P. Dubal, Luis Pires, Arben Merkoçi and Pedro Gómez- Romero*
ChemSusChem 2018. 11(11):1849-1856.
[6] Ultrathin Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage. Jayaramulu, K., Dubal, D.P., Nagar, B., Ranc, V., Tomanec, O., Petr, M., Datta, K.K.R., Zboril, R., Gómez-Romero,* P., Fischer, R.A.* Adv Mater 2018, 30(15),1705789
[7] All Nanocarbon Li-Ion Capacitor with High Energy and High Power Densities.
Deepak P. Dubal,* Pedro Gomez-Romero** Materials Today Energy 2018, 8, 109-117